John johnson



JOHN JOHNSON, OFV TROY,` NEW YORK,` ASSIGNOR TO ELIAS JOHNSON.

`APPARA'IUS non CUTTING THE PILE or `PILE FABRICS.

Speccationof Letters Patent No.`8,649, dated January 13, 1852.

To all 'whom t may concern i Be it known that I, JOHN JOHNSON, of Troy, NewI York, have inventedcertain new and useful improvements in the method of cutting the loops of piled fabrics to be employed in connection `with looms for 4the weaving of fabrics in which the pile is formed by cutting the loops that have been woven on wires, and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawingshmaking part of this specification, in which* r Figure l, is a plan: Figs. 2 and 3 vertical sections taken at the lines A, a, and B, I), of F ig. l. Fig. 4 a vertical Section representing one of the cutters with the manner in which thespring forces it down onto the loops, and, Fig. 5, a cross section at C, c, of Fig. l.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

Thewires on which the loops are formed are like those .usually employed in the manufacture of cut pile fabrics, in which the pile is cut on the wiresthat is with a groove made in the upper edge of sufficient depth to permit the cutting edge to cut through the pile without coming in contact with the metal of the wire. j

Whatever may be the number of wires employed, the cutting is to be done on that wire which atthe time is farthest from the last wire woven into the cloth; but it is represented, in the accompanying drawings as applied to my improved loom in which four half wires, equal to two `whole ones-are used.

The mode of operating the wires is represented in the accompanying drawings, but as this makes no part of my present invention, no description is deemed necessary.` j

The nature of my invent-ion consists in connecting the cutter (one or more) by means of a spring joint with a carrier-to which is communicated the required movements, when the said carrier is provided with a guide or feeler (one or more) which, in descending, enters between two ranges of loops, to determine the position of the cutter, before it is permitted to descend onto the loops before the cutting begins. And my invention also consists in connecting the carrier of the cutter and guide or feeler with the carriage which `imparts the reciprocating motion across the face of the cloth,

. by means of a spring joint, so that after the guide or feeler has passed down between two ranges of loops, the tension of the spring shall draw it against the range `of loops to be out, and thus enable it to bring the cutter to the right position and guide it properly during the cutting action. And my invention also consists in hanging the ways, on which the reciprocating .carriage runs to two arms jointed to the arms of a rock shaft and also `to two inclined rockers, so that when `a rocking motion is given in one direction, the cutf ter and guide shall, in descending toward the face of the cloth, have a movement to-` ward the lay of theloom, and when rocked in the reverse direction,'the cutter shall rise and move back from the lay.

In the accompanying drawings n repre sents the frame of a loom, and Z), b, the ap paratus for operating the figuring wires c, c, which are permanently attached to carriers by which they are introduced in the open shed, drawn forward, and then drawn out from the cloth after the loops have been cut. These wires are grooved on their upper edges and meet and lap in the middle of the fabric. This Inode of mounting and working the wires is made in accordance with Letters Patent granted to me and bearing of August l851- and there are three cutters cl with their cuttingA edges (as represented) adapted to the cutting of the loops. Each cutter is inserted in la mortise in one end of an arm e, and there secured by a temper screw f; and the other end of the `arm turns on a fulcrum pin in the projecting part g, of

a carrier L, the arm of the cutter being borne down by the tension of a. spring z' (see sectional F ig. 4) so that all the knives, which are all mounted in like manner, are free to yield upward under the tension of their springs. The carrier 7L., is jointed -to the upper face of a carriage j, by means of two parallel joint links it?, 71,2, and held down to ther carriage by a screw` 7c, that passes ,Y

through an elongated hole Z, so `that the carrier can play back and forth under the tension of a spring m, (represented by dotted lines) which is attached to the carriage and bears against the `carrier to hold it in its forward position except when something requires the spring to yield, and then all the knives yield together retaining their parallelism to the line of the figuring wires. The carriage j, is adapted to slide between two motion is given to the rockshaft g, by a Ycam t, on the main shaft u, which must make one revolution for each entire operation of the loom. l This cam acts on a stud f1), attached to a link fw, that has a slot in it, that embraces and slides on the shaft as' a guide. The lower end of this link is jonted to one end of a lever y, that turns o-n a fulcrum pin a, its other end being in turn connected by a joint link a', with an arm b', of the rock shaft g.

The weight of the ways, carriage and all its appendages, keeps the stud o, in contact with the periphery of the cam, which, from the point 1 to 2 in the direction of the rotation, is concentric to keep the cutters lifted up from the face of the cloth. From 2 to 3 it runs in-toward the aXis to let the cutter descend onto the face of the cloth--from 3 to 4, it is concentric to keep them in the same position during the cutting operation, and then from 4 to 1, it runs out to the place of beginning to lift them up.

Between the ways and directly under the carriage there is a shaft c', having its bearings mounted in the ends of the arms 0, 0. The periphery of this shaft is threaded and .embraced by a nut cZ, attached to the carriage, so that by the turning of this screw shaft the carriage can be moved across the face of the cloth in either direction. The screw shaft on one end carries a pinion e, that is embraced by a slot f', in a bar g', one edge of the slot being provided with cogs 71, that engage the cogs of the pinion. The lower kend of the bar is jointed to an arm z, of a rocker j', the other arm c, of which is jointed to a' link Z that slides on the main shaft n, in the same manner as the linkw, before described. And this link Z carries a stud or roller fitted to run in a cam groove m', in the face of a wheel on the main shaft, the form of the groove being such-relatively to the cam '15, before describedthat from the point 1 to 2, it runs gradually toward the aXis, to slide the carriage and cut-- ters from the right to the left side-from 2 to 3, it is concentric for a short distance to permit the knives to be let down onto the 'cloth by the cam ,and then from 3 to 4,by a reverse curve it runs outv from the center to carrythe carriage and cutters from the left to the right to cut one' range of loops, and'then from 4, to the place of beginning it is concentric to keep the parts in the same position until the next operation.

`Back of each cutter and about half the thickness of a range of loops therefrom, there is a plate n, with the'lower edge thin but rounded. These three plates are termed the cutter guides or feelers to bring the edge of the cutters in their proper position over the range of loops to be cut.

ust forward of the arms e, that carry the cutters there is an arbor 0, that has its bearings in the projecting parts g of the carrier h. This arbor has three cam faces p', p, p, on which rest pins projecting from 1the arms e; and the left hand end of the arbor has an arm 1'( which, when the carriage is let down onto the face of the cloth, comes in contact with the top of a stud s', to turn the arbor, and by the face of the cams lift up the cutters relatively to the guides or feelers as the carrier descends, sothat the cutters shall not be permitted to come in contact with the loops, until their position shall have been determined by the guides or feelers, which in descending, are brought in contact with the rear curved partof the range of loops to be cut, and draw the cutters to the position required, the parallel joint links admitting of the forward movement,.while the spring m, draws them against the range of loops. The carriage then begins its cutting movement, the arm el', slides from the stud s and the springs force the cutters down to enable them to cut through the loops, the cutting edges running in the groove of the wire without reaching the bottom thereof to be injured.

At the end of the cutting motion, the carriage and its appendages are lifted up to be prepared for another operation.

As the carriage reaches the end of its motion fromvthe right to the left, which may be termed its return motion, the carrier is forced forward by coming in contact with an inclined face or stationary cam t', so as to carry the cutters and guides or feelers, so far toward the lay, as that the guides shall descend back of the range of loops to be cut, and the moment the carriage begins its cutting motion, `the carrier isrelieved from the inclined face or camt', and then the tension of the spring m, draws and keeps the guides or feelers in close contact with the range of loops that are being out.

I wish it to be understood that the motion of the feeler against the range of loops to determine the position of the cutter may be given in the reverse direction of that above described by placing the feelers in front of the cutters and reversing the motion; but I prefer to do it in the manner above described.

It 'will be obvious from the foregoing that the movement of the carriage across the face of the cloth can be given by other equivalent mechanical device, as also the motion of the cutters and guides or feelers toward and from the face of the fabric. And that the carrier and carriage can be connected with each other by other equivalent means to admit of the spring play between them to enabl the feelers to bring the cutters to their proper position. Therefore I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to the special construction of parts or their arrangement, nor to the special devices employed for giving the movements, so long as the required motions are obtained by mere mechanical equivalents.

It is to be observed that the number of cutters can be varied at pleasure from one upward; but the less the number the greater must be the range of motion- I have found in practice that three is the best number.

It will be obvious to those acquainted with the art of weaving cut pile fabrics, that the movements of the cutter must correspond with the movements of the loom for forming the loops, and that when weaving with only two entire wires, the cutting operation will be best performed just preceding the operation of withdrawing the wire from the fabric.

It is deemed unnecessary to give a de Y scription of the loom for weaving the fabric and the mechanism for operating the wires, as my improved mode of cutting the pile i canbe adapted to any known mode of weaving the fabric and forming the loops on grooved wires.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. The method of connecting the cutter one Vor more) with the carrier by means of a joint, substantially as specified, in combination with the guide or feeler (one or more) substantially as specied, whereby the guide or feeler is carried down, to determine the position of the cutter or cutters before it or they begin to cut, as described.

2. I also Aclaim connecting the cutter or cutters and the feeler or feelers with the reciprocating carriage by means of a spring joint, substantially as specified, so that the tension of the spring or its equivalent shall draw the feeler or feelers against the range of loops to be cut, to insure the proper position of the cutter or cutters relatively to the rangs of loops to be cut, as specified.

3. And finally I claim the `method of operating the cutters and guides or feelers toward and from the face of the cloth and toward and from the lay, by connecting the ways, on which the carriage runs, by arms, to the arms of a rock shaft, and to two inclined rocking joints, substantially as speci-I lied, whether the rock shaft be operated by the means specified -or the equivalents thereof.

JOHN JoHNsoN.

In presence of- JANUS FoRsYTH, CHARLES R. RICHARDS. 

